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<p>HarmonyOS的应用必须用js来桥接native。需要使用<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://gitee.com/openharmony/arkui_napi/tree/master">ace_napi</a>仓中提供的napi接口来处理js交互。napi提供的接口名与三方Node.js一致.通过js调用底层C++API，比如一些逻辑算法可以利用C++封装成so库给上层调用，提高效率的同时，也不容易被反编译。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="应用架构"><a href="#应用架构" class="headerlink" title="应用架构"></a>应用架构</h2><blockquote>
<p>应用架构可以分为三部分：C++、ArkTS、工具链。</p>
<ul>
<li>C++：包含各种文件的引用、C++或者C代码、Native项目必需的配置文件等。</li>
<li>ArkTS：包含界面UI、自身方法、调用引用包的方法等。</li>
<li>工具链：包含CMake编译工具在内的系列工具。</li>
</ul>
<p>使用ArkTS调用C++方法的过程中，需要使用到NAPI、CMake等工具来做中间转换 。</p>
<p>上图中，hello.cpp文件实现C++方法，并通过NAPI将C++方法与ArkTS方法关联。</p>
<p>C++代码通过CMake编译工具编译成动态链接库so文件，使用index.d.ts文件对外提供接口。ArkTS引入so文件后调用其中的接口。</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="https://alliance-communityfile-drcn.dbankcdn.com/FileServer/getFile/cmtyManage/011/111/111/0000000000011111111.20230526191943.00021703374498488799281964784035:50001231000000:2800:B84101036D7CD3B3D0EE79ECF9073194A00D22089E299F3A0B6DF9F3C7492E76.png?needInitFileName=true" alt="0000000000011111111.20230526191943.00021703374498488799281964784035:50001231000000:2800:B84101036D7CD3B3D0EE79ECF9073194A00D22089E299F3A0B6DF9F3C7492E76.png"></p>
<h2 id="编译架构"><a href="#编译架构" class="headerlink" title="编译架构"></a>编译架构</h2><blockquote>
<p>C++代码通过CMake编译生成so文件后可以直接被ArkTS侧引入，最终通过hvigor编译成可执行的hap包。</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="https://alliance-communityfile-drcn.dbankcdn.com/FileServer/getFile/cmtyManage/011/111/111/0000000000011111111.20230523202011.14615234413065973648594255150689:50001231000000:2800:AEA8A0831207FB6F32CB3B4EF44BBCBF5508F3C1DFF7A8D3ED79CADCC3661766.png?needInitFileName=true" alt="0000000000011111111.20230523202011.14615234413065973648594255150689:50001231000000:2800:AEA8A0831207FB6F32CB3B4EF44BBCBF5508F3C1DFF7A8D3ED79CADCC3661766.png"></p>
<h1 id="开发流程"><a href="#开发流程" class="headerlink" title="开发流程"></a>开发流程</h1><h2 id="第一种方式：使用系统提供模版工程"><a href="#第一种方式：使用系统提供模版工程" class="headerlink" title="第一种方式：使用系统提供模版工程"></a>第一种方式：使用系统提供模版工程</h2><blockquote>
<p>打开开发工具Deveco，选择File-&gt;New-&gt;Create Project创建Native C++模板工程。创建后在main目录下会包含cpp目录，可以使用ace_napi仓下提供的napi接口进行开发。</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="1700702207826.png" alt="1700702207826"></p>
<p><img src="1700702697529.png" alt="1700702697529"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>目录结构</p>
<p>cpp    c++代码区</p>
<blockquote>
<p>CMakeList.txt  CMake 的编译配置文件</p>
<p>hello.cpp     C++源代码</p>
<p>types    接口存放文件夹</p>
<blockquote>
<p>libentry</p>
<blockquote>
<p>index.d.ts.  接口文件</p>
<p>oh-package.json5  接口注册配置文件</p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="1700702912940.png" alt="1700702912940"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>CMakeList.txt 文件内容 （版本不同，可能内容存在差异，可参考cmakelist文件使用说明）</p>
<ul>
<li>cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.4.1).      声明CMAKE使用最小版本</li>
<li>project(MyApplication)  项目名称</li>
<li>set(NATIVERENDER_ROOT_PATH ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR})  设置了一个名为NATIVERENDER_ROOT_PATH的参数，他的值是当前源码目录</li>
<li>include_directories(${NATIVERENDER_ROOT_PATH}<br>${NATIVERENDER_ROOT_PATH}&#x2F;include)   设置项目使用头文件的路径</li>
<li>add_library(entry SHARED hello.cpp)  将hello.cpp源码封装成名为libentry.so的动态库</li>
<li>target_link_libraries(entry PUBLIC libace_napi.z.so) 链接使用的三方库</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="1700704570997.png" alt="1700704570997"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>index.d.ts</p>
<p>接口文件index.d.ts用于对外提供方法说明，所有c++编写的函数要提供给上层应用调用，就需要再接口文件中进行描述，如下图所示：有一个add方法，传递两个number参数，并返回number</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="1700705993920.png" alt="1700705993920"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>hello.cpp</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Add 自定义函数，提供给上层应用调用</p>
</li>
<li><p>Init  Native C++模板生成的结构</p>
<ul>
<li>在napi_property_descriptor desc[]中，我们需要将编写的Add方法与对外提供的接口add接口进行关联，其他参数使用示例默认值填写。</li>
<li>使用Native API接口napi_define_properties构建包含方法对应列表的返回值。</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>demoModule  配置模块描述信息</p>
<ul>
<li>nm_register_func &#x3D; Init  设置Init函数为napi_module的入口方法，类似于main函数</li>
<li>nm_modname &#x3D; “entry” 设置napi_module模块名称</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><strong>attribute</strong>((constructor))修饰的方法由系统自动调用，使用Native API接口napi_module_register()传入模块描述信息进行模块注册。</p>
</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="1700707266987.png" alt="1700707266987"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>oh-package.json5</p>
<p>将index.d.ts与CMake编译的so文件关联起来</p>
<p>name.   关联so库的名字</p>
<p>types     要与so库关联的index全路径名称</p>
<p>version、description  版本和描述信息</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="1700706349932.png" alt="1700706349932"></p>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>生成的so文件要正常使用，需要再使用的模块目录下添加so文件依赖。如下图所示：我需要再entry模块下使用so文件，就需要再entry模块下的oh-package.json5文件添加so文件依赖。如此便可正常使用</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="1700706708840.png" alt="1700706708840"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>build-profile.json5</p>
<p>在使用so库的模块的根目录下的build-profile.json5中，需要添加下面代码，这样才能调用cmakelist，将我们的c++代码打包成so库</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&quot;buildOption&quot;: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">   &quot;externalNativeOptions&quot;: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     &quot;path&quot;: &quot;./src/main/cpp/CMakeLists.txt&quot;,</span><br><span class="line">     &quot;arguments&quot;: &quot;&quot;,</span><br><span class="line">     &quot;cppFlags&quot;: &quot;&quot;,</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line"> &#125;,</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="1700720729417.png" alt="1700720729417"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>使用</p>
<p>模块导入so库以后，就可以像正常文件导入一样进行使用。</p>
<ul>
<li>首先导入so库，import testNapi from ‘libentry.so’</li>
<li>然后使用函数，testNapi.add(2, 3)</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="1700706847345.png" alt="1700706847345"></p>
<h2 id="第二种方式：在原有项目进行添加"><a href="#第二种方式：在原有项目进行添加" class="headerlink" title="第二种方式：在原有项目进行添加"></a>第二种方式：在原有项目进行添加</h2><blockquote>
<p>很多时候，因为业务变更，原来项目没有napi的需求，现在需要新增napi的需求，这时候不方便重新创建新的项目，只能在原有项目基础上进行新增，那么，我们来试着操作一下吧。</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>1、在main目录下创建cpp目录</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="1700710018658.png" alt="1700710018658"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>2、在cpp目录下新增以下目录和文件</p>
<blockquote>
<p>types  配置文件</p>
<blockquote>
<p>lib</p>
<blockquote>
<p>index.d.ts</p>
<p>oh-package.json5</p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>include    头文件</p>
<blockquote>
<p>define.h</p>
<p>add.h</p>
<p>sub.h</p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>src   源码</p>
<blockquote>
<p>main.cpp</p>
<p>add.cpp</p>
<p>sub.cpp</p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>CMakeList.txt    编译配置</p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="以下是各文件详情截图"><a href="#以下是各文件详情截图" class="headerlink" title="以下是各文件详情截图"></a>以下是各文件详情截图</h3><blockquote>
<p>index.d.ts</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="1700721289303.png" alt="1700721289303"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>oh-package.json5</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="1700721304692.png" alt="1700721304692"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>define.h</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="1700721317134.png" alt="1700721317134"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>add.h</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="1700721330963.png" alt="1700721330963"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>sub.h</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="1700721344857.png" alt="1700721344857"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>main.cpp</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="1700721423815.png" alt="1700721423815"></p>
<p><img src="1700721441110.png" alt="1700721441110"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>add.cpp</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="1700721456358.png" alt="1700721456358"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>sub.cpp</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="1700721470421.png" alt="1700721470421"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>CMakeList.txt</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="1700721493715.png" alt="1700721493715"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>3、修改模块根目录下build-profile.json5 文件</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="1700721664620.png" alt="1700721664620"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>4、修改模块根目录下oh-package.json5 文件</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="1700721684087.png" alt="1700721684087"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>至此，所有的代码和配置就完成了，点击运行查看效果吧。</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<h2 id="注意"><a href="#注意" class="headerlink" title="注意"></a>注意</h2><p>上面文件中很多地方都有设置名称，需要注意的是，要正确调用c++函数，一定要保证三个地方名称相同，在Cmakelist文件中，要保证add_library 和target_link_libraries 设置的名称相同，生成的so文件会自动在前面加上lib字样，比如在cmakelist中我们设置的名称为east，那么生成的so文件则是libeast.so。在引用模块的oh-package.json5中名称要和生成的so文件一致，如:”@types&#x2F;libeast.so”: “file:.&#x2F;src&#x2F;main&#x2F;cpp&#x2F;types&#x2F;libentry”,否则会引起调用无反应的异常情况。</p>
</blockquote>
</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://houyudong1989.gitee.io/blog">侯玉东</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://houyudong1989.gitee.io/blog/2023/10/10/harmonyOS/NAPI/NAPI%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE/">https://houyudong1989.gitee.io/blog/2023/10/10/harmonyOS/NAPI/NAPI%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://houyudong1989.gitee.io/blog" 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class="toc-text">开发流程</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%A7%8D%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%EF%BC%9A%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E6%8F%90%E4%BE%9B%E6%A8%A1%E7%89%88%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">第一种方式：使用系统提供模版工程</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E7%A7%8D%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%EF%BC%9A%E5%9C%A8%E5%8E%9F%E6%9C%89%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">第二种方式：在原有项目进行添加</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%8B%E6%98%AF%E5%90%84%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E8%AF%A6%E6%83%85%E6%88%AA%E5%9B%BE"><span class="toc-number">2.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">以下是各文件详情截图</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F"><span 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